Falls in older people: epidemiology, risk factors and strategies for prevention
Abstract
Falls are a common and often devastating
problem among older people, causing a tremendous amount of morbidity,
mortality and
use of health care services including premature
nursing home admissions.
Most of these falls are associated with one or
more
identifiable risk factors (e.g. weakness, unsteady
gait, confusion and certain medications), and research has shown that
attention
to these risk factors can significantly reduce
rates of falling.
Considerable evidence now documents that the most
effective
(and cost-effective) fall reduction programmes have
involved systematic fall risk assessment and targeted interventions,
exercise
programmes and environmental-inspection and
hazard-reduction programmes.
These findings have been substantiated by
careful
meta-analysis of large numbers of controlled
clinical trials and by consensus panels of experts who have developed
evidence-based
practice guidelines for fall prevention and
management.
Medical assessment of fall risks and provision of
appropriate interventions
are challenging because of the complex nature of
falls.
Optimal approaches involve interdisciplinary collaboration in
assessment
and interventions, particularly exercise, attention
to co-existing medical conditions and environmental inspection and
hazard
abatement.
pdf / Direktlink: http://ageing.oxfordjournals.org/content/35/suppl_2/ii37.full.pdf
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